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法学论文

我国刑法结构的反思与重构
作者:康治斌 律师  时间:2014年04月04日
内容摘要】本文在明确了刑法结构、犯罪圈和刑罚量概念的基础上,首先对当代刑法的国际性发展趋势进行了回顾,然后对我国刑法结构的历史和现状进行了深刻反思,以此为切入点在犯罪圈和刑罚量的配置模式上作出了理性的选择,最后提出了我国刑法结构应如何建构的目标和设想。
前言部分主要介绍了重新建构我国刑法结构的必要性、可行性、重要性和分析的目的。
第一章探讨了刑法结构、犯罪圈和刑罚量的概念。第一节对刑法结构的概念进行界定,指出所谓刑法结构,是指犯罪圈(定罪面)和刑罚量的组合形式。第二节对犯罪圈的概念进行界定,指出犯罪圈(刑法干预范围),是指一国刑法划定的应受刑事制裁的社会危害行为的范围。第三节对刑罚量的概念进行界定,指出所谓刑罚量,是指对犯罪圈范围内的犯罪行为适用刑罚的数量和强度,具体表现为对具体犯罪行为规定、判处和执行的刑罚的种类和程度。第四节对犯罪圈和刑罚量的不同配置模式即不严不厉,厉而不严,又严又厉,严而不厉进行了比较分析,认为我国应采用严而不厉的刑法结构。[1]
第二章对当代国际刑法的总的发展趋势从动态的角度进行了较为深入的剖析。第一节对刑法的干预范围进行剖析,认为犯罪化与非犯罪化是犯罪圈进行建构的刑事政策技术,犯罪圈是通过犯罪化和非犯罪化两种途径建筑起来的,刑事政策的理念正是通过犯罪化和非犯罪化来赋予刑法结构。在哪个领域犯罪化和非犯罪化,通过何种方式犯罪化和非犯罪化以及非犯罪化后行为的社会评价,均体现出是否在合理而有效地组织对犯罪的反应。第二节对刑法的干预力度进行剖析,认为非刑罚化是刑事政策运动的产物,是对刑罚功能局限和刑罚副作用的理性认识基础上对刑法干预力度的动态调整。经过非刑罚化的洗礼,刑法结构将趋于合理、合目的、有效。两极化之刑事政策对刑罚制度之影响表现在:刑罚制度呈现两极化态势即重重轻轻。轻轻是指对轻微犯罪,包括偶犯、初犯、过失犯等恶性不大的犯罪,处罚更轻。重重是指对严重犯罪处罚更重,更多地、更长期地适用监禁刑。“整体趋轻”是西方国家刑法的基本趋势,“两极化”走向(即一方面更轻,一方面更重),则是刑罚制度面对现实治安状况的一种必然选择。
第三章对我国刑法结构的历史和现状进行了较为深入的理性反思。第一节对我国刑法结构的历史进行了理性反思,第二节对我国当前刑法结构存在的问题进行了深入的理性反思,认为我国刑法基本上仍属于“厉而不严”的刑法结构。以此为切入点在犯罪圈和刑罚量的配置模式上作出了理性的选择,即严而不厉的刑法结构是我国刑法迈向现代化的首选。
第四章探讨了重构我国刑法结构的目标和设想。第一节论证了我国犯罪圈(刑法干预范围)划定的原则,即必要原则、可行原则、统一原则、可变原则。第二节论证了我国刑罚量(刑法干预力度)设置的原则,即罪责刑相当原则、刑罚必要原则、刑罚趋轻原则。
结语部分指出应采取严而不厉的刑法结构,但是在严密刑事法网、严格刑事责任时应受到刑法干预范围适中和刑法干预力度适度的限制。
【关键词】刑法结构     犯罪圈     刑罚量    非犯罪化    非刑罚化   

RECONSIDERING AND RECONSTRUCTING OF OUR COUNTRYS  CRIMINAL LAW STRUCTURE
Kang Zhi Bin
Abstract: Based on the clear concepts of criminal law structure, crime circle and penalty quantity, this article, firstly, carries on a review to the international development tendency of the contemporary criminal law, secondly, carries on a profound reconsideration to the history and the present situation of our country’s criminal law structure and makes it as a cut to make choices in crime circle and in penalty quantity disposition pattern, finally, proposes the goal and the tentative plan to construct our country’s criminal law structure.
The foreword mainly studies the purpose in analysis of the article and the necessity, feasibility and importance of reconstructing our country’s criminal law structure.
Chapter one introduces the concepts of criminal law structure, crime circle and penalty quantity. Section one carries on the limitations to criminal law structure, and it points out that the criminal law structure is a combination of the crime circle and the penalty quantity. Section two carries on the limitations to crime circle’s concept and it points out that crime circle (the range in criminal law interfere) refers to the behavioral range one country’s criminal law delimit should use. Section three carries on the limitations to penalty quantity and it points out the so-called penalty quantity means the quantity and intensity of the crime should be used in crime circle and it embodies the types and intensity in regulations of concrete criminal offence, sentences and enforcement to specific crime. Section four carries on the comparative analysis to crime circle and penalty quantity in different disposition patterns, that is, neither strict nor severe, both strict and severe, severe but not strict and strict but not severe, and insists that our country should use the strict but not severe criminal law structure.
Chapter two carries on a more thorough analysis to the development trend of the contemporary international criminal law dynamically. Section one carries on the analysis to criminal law in intervention scope. It believes the criminal law’s technique in policy is conducted between crime and non-crime, and crime circle is constructed in the two ways between crime and non-crime. Therefore the theory of the criminal crime policy forms its structure between crime and non-crime .Whether it is a reasonable and efficient response to crime is shown in crime fields in ways and the social evaluation. Section two carries on the level of criminal law intervention. And it conveys the idea that non-crime is the results of the movements in criminal law’s policy, and it is a dynamic adjustment to the criminal law intervention based on a reasonable understanding between the limitations and side-effects. The criminal crime structure will be more reasonable, amiable and efficient, after a struggle with non-crime. The effects in the polarized criminal crime policy show that the tendency in the polarized criminal crime policy is stricter or more merciful. The more merciful means the punishment should not too strict to the slight crimes, that is, the crimes committed occasionally, firstly or by mistake, while the stricter means the punishment should be more severe to the criminals who commit crimes seriously and give them a longer imprisonment. A trend to mercy is the western countries’ choice, while the polarized trend is a choice of criminal law towards the present situation.
Chapter three carries on more thorough rational reconsiderations to the history and the present situation of our country’s criminal law structure. Section one carries on a rational reconsideration to the history of our country’s criminal law structure, Section two carries on a thorough and rational reconsideration to the existing problems in the current criminal law structure in our country, considering that the pattern of criminal crime in our country belongs to the one ,severe but not strict, and makes it as a cut to make rational choices in the crime circle and the penalty quantity disposition pattern, namely, the strict but not severe penalty pattern is the first choice in our penalty pattern to modernization.
Chapter four discusses the goal and plan of reconstructing our country’s criminal law structure. Section one discusses the given principles in our country’s crime circle (criminal law intervention scope), namely, essential principle, feasible principle, unification principle, invariable principle. Section two discusses the measuring principles in our country’s penalty quantity (level of criminal law intervention), namely, the agreement among crime, responsibility and penalty, the penalty essential principle, the penalty towards mercy principle.
The conclusion points out that we should adopt a strict but not severe criminal law structure. However, we should realize that the criminal law intervention scope should be moderate and the level of criminal law intervention should be confined moderately in strengthening criminal law net and enforcing legal responsibility. .
 
 Key Word: Criminal law structure,   Crime circle,    Penalty quantity,  
Non- crime,   Non- penalty
 

 
 
前言.........................................................1
第一章  刑法结构概述.........................................1
第一节  刑法结构的概念和构成.............................1
第二节  犯罪圈...........................................2
第三节  刑罚量...........................................4
第四节  犯罪圈和刑罚量的配置模式.........................5
第二章  当代刑法的国际性发展趋势.............................8
第一节  刑法干预范围.....................................8
第二节  刑法干预力度.....................................15
第三章  我国刑法结构的反思...................................22
第一节  我国刑法结构的历史反思...........................22
第二节  我国当前刑法结构的理性反思.......................23
第四章  我国刑法结构重构的目标和设想.........................26
第一节  我国犯罪圈(刑法干预范围)划定的原则.............26
第二节  我国刑罚量(刑法干预力度)设置的原则.............42
结  语.......................................................50
参考文献.....................................................51
后记.........................................................55

[1] “严”与“厉”二字含义有相同的一面,常常一起连用;它们也有不同的一面,“严”为严肃、严格、严密之意,“厉”为厉害、猛烈、苛厉之意。本文是在不同含义上使用这两个字:严是指刑事法网严密,刑事责任严格;厉主要指刑罚苛厉,刑罚过重。